Mokhoa oa motheo oa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila ke ho sebelisa mekhoa e sa tšoaneng ea botekgeniki ho arola, ho tlosa le ho sebelisa hape lintho tse silafatsang tse ka har’a likhoerekhoere le metsi a litšila, kapa ho li fetola lintho tse se nang kotsi ho hloekisa metsi.
Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere, tseo ka kakaretso li ka aroloang ka mekhahlelo e mene, e leng phekolo ea likokoana-hloko, phekolo ea 'mele, phekolo ea lik'hemik'hale le phekolo ea tlhaho.
1. Phekolo ea likokoana-hloko
Ka metabolism ea likokoana-hloko, litšila tse phelang ka mokhoa oa tharollo, li-colloid le li-suspension tse ntle ka metsing a litšila li fetoloa lintho tse tsitsitseng le tse se nang kotsi. Ho ea ka likokoana-hloko tse fapaneng, phekolo ea likokoana-hloko e ka aroloa ka mefuta e 'meli: phekolo ea likokoana-hloko ea aerobic le phekolo ea likokoana-hloko ea anaerobic.
Mokhoa oa phekolo ea aerobic bioloji o sebelisoa haholo kalafong ea tlhaho ea metsi a litšila. Ho latela mekhoa e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso, mokhoa oa kalafo oa bioloji oa aerobic o arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli: mokhoa oa sludge o kentsoeng le mokhoa oa biofilm. Ts'ebetso ea sludge e kentsoeng ka boeona ke setsi sa kalafo, se na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso. Thepa ea phekolo ea mokhoa oa biofilm e kenyelletsa biofilter, biological turntable, biological contact oxidation tank le biological fluidized bed, joalo-joalo Mokhoa oa letamo la oxidation oa likokoana-hloko o boetse o bitsoa mokhoa oa tlhaho oa phekolo ea likokoana-hloko. Kalafo ea bioloji ea anaerobic, eo hape e tsejoang e le kalafo ea phokotso ea baeloji, e sebelisoa haholo ho phekola metsi a litšila le litšila tse ngata haholo.
2. Kalafo ea ’mele
Mekhoa ea ho arola le ho khutlisa litšila tse emisitsoeng tse sa tsitsang (ho kenyeletsoa filimi ea oli le marotholi a oli) metsing a litšila ka ketso ea 'mele e ka aroloa ka mokhoa oa karohano ea matla a khoheli, mokhoa oa karohano ea centrifugal le mokhoa oa ho boloka sieve. Likarolo tsa kalafo tseo e leng tsa mokhoa oa karohano ea matla a khoheli li kenyelletsa sedimentation, floating (air flotation), joalo-joalo, le thepa ea kalafo e tsamaellanang ke grit chamber, sedimentation tank, grease trap, air flotation tank le lisebelisoa tsa eona tse thusang, joalo-joalo; karohano ea centrifugal ka boeona ke mofuta oa yuniti ea kalafo, lisebelisoa tsa ts'ebetso tse sebelisoang li kenyelletsa centrifuge le hydrocyclone, joalo-joalo; mokhoa oa ho boloka skrine o na le likarolo tse peli tsa ts'ebetso: ho boloka skrine ea grid le ho sefa. Ea pele e sebelisa li-grids le li-skrini, ha ea morao-rao e sebelisa Li-filters tsa lehlabathe le li-filters tse nyenyane, joalo-joalo Mokhoa oa phekolo o itšetlehileng ka molao-motheo oa phapanyetsano ea mocheso e boetse e le mokhoa oa phekolo ea 'mele,' me likarolo tsa eona tsa phekolo li kenyelletsa mouoane le crystallization.
3. Kalafo ea lik'hemik'hale
Mokhoa oa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila o arolang le ho tlosa litšila tse qhibilihisitsoeng le tse nang le colloidal metsing a litšila kapa ho li fetola lintho tse se nang kotsi ka ho kopana le lik'hemik'hale le ho fetisa bongata. Ka mokhoa oa phekolo ea lik'hemik'hale, likarolo tsa ts'ebetso tse thehiloeng ho lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa dosing ke: coagulation, neutralization, redox, joalo-joalo; ha likarolo tsa ts'ebetso tse thehiloeng ho fetisetsoang ka bongata ke: ho hula, ho hlobolisa, ho hlobolisa, ho bapatsa, phapanyetsano ea ion, electrodialysis le reverse osmosis, joalo-joalo. Har'a bona, setsi sa phekolo se sebelisang phetiso ea bongata se na le liketso tsa lik'hemik'hale le liketso tse amanang le 'mele, kahoo e ka boela ea aroloa ho mokhoa oa phekolo ea lik'hemik'hale' me ea fetoha mofuta o mong oa mokhoa oa phekolo, o bitsoang mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale oa 'mele.
setšoantšo
Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere
1. Ho tlosa metsi a litšila
Lipontšo tsa tšilafalo tse kang oli, CODcr le BOD5 mokelikeli o senyang oa litšila li phahame haholo. Mekhoa ea kalafo e kenyelletsa ho ntšoa ha asiti, centrifugation kapa ho ntša solvent. Mokhoa oa ho ntša asiti o sebelisoa haholo, o eketsa H2SO4 ho fetola pH ea boleng ho 3-4 bakeng sa demulsification, mouoane le ho hlohlelletsa ka letsoai, 'me o eme ho 45-60 t bakeng sa 2-4 h, oli butle-butle e phaphamala ho theha mafura. lera. Ho hlaphoheloa ha mafura ho ka fihla ho 96%, 'me ho tlosoa ha CODcr ho feta 92%. Ka kakaretso, bongata ba oli e kenang ka har'a metsi ke 8-10g/L, 'me bongata ba oli ka har'a metsi bo ka tlase ho 0.1 g/L. Oli e tlisitsoeng e tsoela pele ho sebetsoa le ho fetoloa ho li-acid tse tsoakiloeng tse mafura tse ka sebelisoang ho etsa sesepa.
2. Ho kenya kalaka le ho tlosa moriri metsi a litšila
Metsi a litšila a ho ntša kalaka le moriri a na le liprotheine, lime, sodium sulfide, lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, 28% ea kakaretso ea CODcr, 92% ea kakaretso ea S2-, le 75% ea kakaretso ea SS. Mekhoa ea kalafo e kenyelletsa acidization, ho na ha lik'hemik'hale le oxidation.
Hangata mokhoa oa acidification o sebelisoa tlhahisong. Tlas'a boemo ba khatello e mpe, eketsa H2SO4 ho fetola pH ea boleng ho 4-4.5, ho hlahisa khase ea H2S, ho e monya ka tharollo ea NaOH, le ho hlahisa alkali e nang le sebabole hore e sebelisoe hape. Protheine e qhibilihang e kenang metsing a litšila ea tlhotloa, ea hlatsuoa, 'me ea omisoa. eba sehlahisoa. Sekhahla sa ho tlosa sulfide se ka fihla ho feta 90%, 'me CODcr le SS li fokotsehile ka 85% le 95% ka ho latellana. Theko ea eona e tlase, ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e bonolo, e bonolo ho e laola, 'me potoloho ea tlhahiso e khutsufatsoe.
3. Metsi a litšila a chefo ea Chrome
Tšilafalo e kholo ea metsi a litšila a chrome ke tšepe e boima ea Cr3+, boima ba 'mele bo ka ba 3-4g/L, 'me boleng ba pH bo fokola haholo. Mekhoa ea kalafo e kenyelletsa pula ea alkali le ho e sebelisa ka kotloloho. 90% ea lik'hemik'hale tsa ka tlung li sebelisa mokhoa oa alkali precipitation, ho eketsa kalaka, sodium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, joalo-joalo ho senya mokelikeli oa chromium, ho itšoara le ho ntša metsi 'meleng ho fumana litšila tse nang le chromium, tse ka sebelisoang hape ts'ebetsong ea ho chesa ka mor'a ho qhibiliha ka sulfuric acid. .
Nakong ea karabelo, pH ea boleng ke 8.2-8.5, 'me pula e ntle ka ho fetisisa ho 40°C. Alkali precipitant ke magnesium oxide, sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa ha chromium ke 99%, 'me bongata ba chromium ka har'a mokelikeli bo ka tlase ho 1 mg/L. Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa ona o loketse li-tanneries tse kholo, 'me litšila tse kang oli e qhibilihang le protheine ka seretse sa chrome se tsosolositsoeng se tla ama phello ea ho qhibiliha.
4. Metsi a litšila a felletseng
4.1. Sistimi ea kalafo ea pele: E kenyelletsa haholo lisebelisoa tsa kalafo tse joalo ka grille, tanka e laolang, tanka ea sedimentation le tanka ea moea. Motsoako oa lintho tse phelang le lintho tse tiileng tse fanyehiloeng metsing a litšila a entsoeng ka letlalo li phahame. Sistimi ea pele e sebelisoa ho lokisa bophahamo ba metsi le boleng ba metsi; tlosa SS le lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng; fokotsa karolo ea mojaro oa tšilafalo le ho theha maemo a matle bakeng sa phekolo ea likokoana-hloko e latelang.
4.2. Sistimi ea kalafo ea baeloji: ρ(CODcr) ea litšila tse entsoeng ka matlalo hangata ke 3000-4000 mg/L, ρ(BOD5) ke 1000-2000mg/L, e leng ea metsi a litšila a mangata, m(BOD5)/m(CODcr) Ke 0.3-0.6, e loketseng phekolo ea likokoana-hloko. Hajoale, foro ea oxidation, SBR le biological contact oxidation li sebelisoa haholo Chaena, ha jet aeration, batch biofilm reactor (SBBR), bethe e nang le metsi le bethe ea upflow anaerobic sludge (UASB).
Nako ea poso: Jan-17-2023
